Adapting land restoration to a changing climate: Embracing the knowns and unknowns

Key messages

Land restoration will happen under climate change and different knowledge systems are needed to navigate uncertainties and plan adaptation.
The emergence of novel ecosystems presents a challenge for land restoration; they harbor unknown unknowns.
This brief presents key research linking land restoration and societal adaptation and an example of a practical framework for transformative adaptation.
It also proposes questions that can guide stakeholders in exploring different change narratives for adaptation and restoration planning.