abstract
- Ecosystems of tropical peat swamp forests are circular and singular. The uniqueness of tropical peats is primarily originated from woody organic matter. In contrast, temperate peats are mostly formed from Sphagnum moss. The tropical peat can circularly manage the productivity of vegetation to supply organic matter to sustain peat growth. The pile of organic matter plays an essential role in developing large reservoirs of water and carbon. These characteristics and functions are incredibly fragile and irreversible. Under any kind of disturbance regimes, the circularity and singularity of tropical peat swamp forest disappear, causing the loss of carbon and water. I indicate that the sustainability of tropical peat forests depends on protecting the uniqueness and circularity of the ecosystem. Hence, the restoration of degraded tropical peats must remake the circularity and singularity as the important qualitative attributes of tropical peat swamp forests.